Previously received TAK-788. Received small-molecule anticancer therapy (including cytotoxic chemotherapy, and investigational agents, ≤ 14 days prior to first dose of TAK-788 (except for reversible EGFR TKIs [that is, erlotinib or gefitinib], which are allowed in the dose escalation and expansion cohorts up to 7 days prior to the first dose of TAK-788). Received antineoplastic monoclonal antibodies including immunotherapy within 28 days of the first dose of TAK-788. Have been diagnosed with another primary malignancy other than NSCLC except for adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer or cervical cancer in situ; definitively treated non-metastatic prostate cancer; or participants with another primary malignancy who are definitively relapse-free with at least 3 years elapsed since the diagnosis of the other primary malignancy. Note: This exclusion criteria does not apply to Expansion Cohort 7. Received radiotherapy <=14 days prior to the first dose o